Gates: Difference between revisions

From Jcastle.info
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(18 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:




<h3>Yaguramon (櫓門)</h3>
==== Yaguramon(櫓門) ==== 
A gate with a yagura situated on top. These are often large, strong and impressive looking gates.  They are frequently used as the inner gate of a masugata and for other important entrance points. Yaguramon were were a safe place to observe the outside and they could be used as defensive platforms with defenders in the top.  They were equipped with loopholes and windows to shoot from and the floor in front of the gate could be opened like a rock chute to attack anyone at the doors below. There are 2 types of yaguramon. Watariyagura style uses a watariyagura to span from one stone wall across the gate to another stone wall. The other style is basically a free standing yagura with a gate built into the first floor.  
[[Glossary-Term::Yaguramon]] [[Glossary-Link::Gates]] ([[Glossary-Term::yaguramon]], [[Glossary-Term::yagura gates]]) are [[Glossary-Definition::gates with a watchtower or turret atop the gatehouse]]. These are often large, strong and impressive looking gates.  They are frequently used as the inner gate of a masugata and for other important entrance points. Yaguramon were were a safe place to observe the outside and they could be used as defensive platforms with defenders in the top.  They were equipped with loopholes and windows to shoot from and the floor in front of the gate could be opened like a rock chute to attack anyone at the doors below. There are 2 types of yaguramon. Watariyagura style uses a watariyagura to span from one stone wall across the gate to another stone wall. The other style is basically a free standing yagura with a gate built into the first floor.  


====Watariyagura Style====
===== Watariyagura Style =====
[[file:nijo5.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nijo5.jpg|150px]]
[[file:edo7.jpg|150px]]
[[file:edo7.jpg|150px]]
Line 17: Line 17:
[[file:matsuyama27.jpg|150px]]
[[file:matsuyama27.jpg|150px]]


====Free Standing Yagura Gates====
===== Free Standing Yagura Gates =====
[[file:kochi8.jpg|150px]]
[[file:kochi8.jpg|150px]]
[[file:hirosaki6.jpg|150px]]
[[file:hirosaki6.jpg|150px]]
Line 24: Line 24:




<h3>Yakuimon (薬医門)</h3>
==== Yakuimon (薬医門) ====
A gate where one roof covers both the main front pillars (''kagamibashira'') and the rear support pillars (''hikaebashira''). The roof was necessarily large to cover all four pillars. This is an older style gate that was eventually replaced by Koraimon gates (see below), because it was impractical for defense. The large roof blocked the defenders vision of the outside and it actually shielded any attackers at the doors. There are very few extant examples of yakuimon gates at castles today. The second picture below is an inside view of the gate in the first picture so that you can get a better view of the structure of Yakuimon gates compared to Koraimon gates. The picture from Kakunodate Castle shows a smaller yakuimon in front of a samurai home.
A gate where one roof covers both the main front pillars (''kagamibashira'') and the rear support pillars (''hikaebashira''). The roof was necessarily large to cover all four pillars. This is an older style gate that was eventually replaced by Koraimon gates (see below), because it was impractical for defense. The large roof blocked the defenders vision of the outside and it actually shielded any attackers at the doors. There are very few extant examples of yakuimon gates at castles today. The second picture below is an inside view of the gate in the first picture so that you can get a better view of the structure of Yakuimon gates compared to Koraimon gates. The picture from Kakunodate Castle shows a smaller yakuimon in front of a samurai home.


Line 34: Line 34:




<h3>Koraimon (高麗門)</h3>
====Koraimon (高麗門)====
The front pillars and doors are covered with one small roof and the rear support pillars and support beams are each covered by a separate roof on either side at right angles to the main roof over the front pillars. This type of gate is often used as the outer gate of a masugata. There are two types of Koraimon.  The roof of the older style is nearly even with the surrounding walls, while the newer style gate is taller so the roof is up higher than the surrounding walls.  
The front pillars and doors are covered with one small roof and the rear support pillars and support beams are each covered by a separate roof on either side at right angles to the main roof over the front pillars. This type of gate is often used as the outer gate of a masugata. There are two types of Koraimon.  The roof of the older style is nearly even with the surrounding walls, while the newer style gate is taller so the roof is up higher than the surrounding walls.  


====Older Style Koraimon====
=====Older Style Koraimon=====
[[file:nagoya13.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nagoya13.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nagoya14.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nagoya14.jpg|150px]]


====Newer Style Koraimon====
=====Newer Style Koraimon=====
[[file:edo13.jpg|150px]]
[[file:edo13.jpg|150px]]
[[file:edo76.jpg|150px]]
[[file:edo76.jpg|150px]]
[[file:matsumoto9.jpg|150px]]
[[file:matsumoto10.jpg|150px]]
[[file:matsumoto10.jpg|150px]]
[[file:himeji29.jpg|150px]]
[[file:himeji29.jpg|150px]]




===Munamon (棟門€)===
====Munamon (棟門€)====
Munamon is a gate with two main pillars covered by a roof. It is similar to the koraimon, but lacks the extra support pillars in the rear making it relatively unstable. It is often wedged in between stone or earthen walls to gain extra support.
Munamon is a gate with two main pillars covered by a roof. It is similar to the koraimon, but lacks the extra support pillars in the rear making it relatively unstable. It is often wedged in between stone or earthen walls to gain extra support.


Line 56: Line 55:




<h3>Tonashimon (戸無し門)</h3>
====Tonashimon (戸無し門)====
As the name implies, tonashimon is literally a gate with no doors. The only extant gate of this type that I know of is at Iyo Matsuyama Castle.  It is basically a koriamon gate with no doors. It is said that this gate was built here atop a long slope at the front of a hairpin curve to trick attackers into thinking it would be an easy way into the castle. Once they pass through the gate and around the curve they are actually met with a large heavily fortified gate.  
As the name implies, tonashimon is literally a gate with no doors. The only extant gate of this type that I know of is at Iyo Matsuyama Castle.  It is basically a koriamon gate with no doors. It is said that this gate was built here atop a long slope at the front of a hairpin curve to trick attackers into thinking it would be an easy way into the castle. Once they pass through the gate and around the curve they are actually met with a large heavily fortified gate.  


Line 62: Line 61:




<h3>Kabukimon (冠木門)</h3>
====Kabukimon (冠木門)====
This is a gate with only the two front vertical pillars and the one horizontal cross beam. It has doors but no roof. This gate is a formality only and has little or no defensive value.  
This is a gate with only the two front vertical pillars and the one horizontal cross beam. It has doors but no roof. This gate is a formality only and has little or no defensive value.  


[[file:ikeda3.jpg|150px]]
[[file:ikeda3.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nanbata6.jpg|150px]]
[[file:kakegawa4.jpg|150px]]




<h3>Heijuumon (塀重門)</h3>
====Heijuumon (塀重門)====
A heijuumon gate takes the kabukimon a step further and eliminates the cross beam between the two front pillars.  
A heijuumon gate takes the kabukimon a step further and eliminates the cross beam between the two front pillars.  


[[file:nijo16.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nijo16.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nanbata6.jpg|150px]]
[[file:kakegawa4.jpg|150px]]




<h3>Nagayamon (長屋門)</h3>
====Nagayamon (長屋門)====
This is where a gate is passed through a section of a long warehouse. Rooms were easily built on either side of the gate and it was often used as a guardhouse around samurai homes.
This is where a gate is passed through a section of a long warehouse. Rooms were easily built on either side of the gate and it was often used as a guardhouse around samurai homes.


Line 84: Line 83:




<h3>Karamon (唐門)</h3>
====Karamon (唐門)====
An ornate gate with a karahafu style roof. A karahafu is a gable chracterized by the rounded ridge in the center. There are several surviving karamon that were moved from castles to temples, but the only one that I know of that is at a castle is the famous gate from Nijo Castle.
An ornate gate with a karahafu style roof. A karahafu is a gable chracterized by the rounded ridge in the center. There are several surviving karamon that were moved from castles to temples, but the only one that I know of that is at a castle is the famous gate from Nijo Castle.


Line 92: Line 91:




<h3>Uzumimon (埋門€)</h3>
====Uzumimon (埋門€)====
Uzumimon literally means ''buried gate''. There are two types of uzumimon. In one type, a hole is literally cut through the middle of a completed stone wall. In the second type, when the stone walls are constructed a narrow gap is left for a gate. Then  the defensive wall atop the stone wall foundation is run across the gate evenly with the rest. An uzumimon was often used as an emergency exit or as a rear entrance to the castle.  
Uzumimon literally means ''buried gate''. There are two types of uzumimon. In one type, a hole is literally cut through the middle of a completed stone wall. In the second type, when the stone walls are constructed a narrow gap is left for a gate. Then  the defensive wall atop the stone wall foundation is run across the gate evenly with the rest. An uzumimon was often used as an emergency exit or as a rear entrance to the castle.  


[[file:nagoya15.jpg|150px]]
[[file:nagoya15.jpg|150px]]
[[file:odawara4.jpg|150px]]
[[file:odawara15.jpg|150px]]
[[file:himeji14.jpg|150px]]
[[file:himeji14.jpg|150px]]
[[file:matsushiro12.jpg|150px]]
[[file:matsushiro12.jpg|150px]]




<h3>Masugata (枡形)</h3>
====Masugata====
A masugata is a compound gate made up of 2 gates, most commonly a koraimon on the outside and a yaguramon on the inside. The 2 gates are placed at right angles and joined by walls to create a square enclosure. Any enemy who attempts to enter the castle will be trapped in the box while it tries to breach the strong inner gate. The trapped enemy is then vulnerable to attack from the defenders inside the castle, and lining the walls above.
A masugata is a compound gate made up of 2 gates, most commonly a koraimon on the outside and a yaguramon on the inside. The 2 gates are placed at right angles and joined by walls to create a square enclosure. Any enemy who attempts to enter the castle will be trapped in the box while it tries to breach the strong inner gate. The trapped enemy is then vulnerable to attack from the defenders inside the castle, and lining the walls above.


Line 108: Line 107:
[[file:kofu14.jpg|150px]]
[[file:kofu14.jpg|150px]]
[[file:sunpu5.jpg|150px]]
[[file:sunpu5.jpg|150px]]
__NOGLOSSARY__
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 23:17, 20 April 2021

Gates / 門

This is a subtype of Features

There are many different types of gates, but the basic construction is the same for all. Two columns (kagamibashira) that hold the gate doors are connected by a crossbeam (kabuki) across the top. Usually, the columns are joined to support pillars (hikaebashira) behind them to help prevent the gate from being pushed over backwards. The rest of the gate construction is developed from the gate's position, function and defensive needs.

Gates were often strategically positioned in the walls of each bailey so that anyone who attempts to enter the castle must zig zag back and forth to reach the inner grounds and the main keep. Gates were often further fortified by bolting metal plates over them for strength.


Yaguramon(櫓門)

Yaguramon Gates (yaguramon, yagura gates) are gates with a watchtower or turret atop the gatehouse. These are often large, strong and impressive looking gates. They are frequently used as the inner gate of a masugata and for other important entrance points. Yaguramon were were a safe place to observe the outside and they could be used as defensive platforms with defenders in the top. They were equipped with loopholes and windows to shoot from and the floor in front of the gate could be opened like a rock chute to attack anyone at the doors below. There are 2 types of yaguramon. Watariyagura style uses a watariyagura to span from one stone wall across the gate to another stone wall. The other style is basically a free standing yagura with a gate built into the first floor.

Watariyagura Style

Nijo5.jpg Edo7.jpg Marugame5.jpg Matsuyama27.jpg

Free Standing Yagura Gates

Kochi8.jpg Hirosaki6.jpg Hirosaki12.jpg Tsuchiura8.jpg


Yakuimon (薬医門)

A gate where one roof covers both the main front pillars (kagamibashira) and the rear support pillars (hikaebashira). The roof was necessarily large to cover all four pillars. This is an older style gate that was eventually replaced by Koraimon gates (see below), because it was impractical for defense. The large roof blocked the defenders vision of the outside and it actually shielded any attackers at the doors. There are very few extant examples of yakuimon gates at castles today. The second picture below is an inside view of the gate in the first picture so that you can get a better view of the structure of Yakuimon gates compared to Koraimon gates. The picture from Kakunodate Castle shows a smaller yakuimon in front of a samurai home.

Mito11.jpg Ashikaga7.jpg Kofu10.jpg Marugame63.jpg Obatajinya8.jpg


Koraimon (高麗門)

The front pillars and doors are covered with one small roof and the rear support pillars and support beams are each covered by a separate roof on either side at right angles to the main roof over the front pillars. This type of gate is often used as the outer gate of a masugata. There are two types of Koraimon. The roof of the older style is nearly even with the surrounding walls, while the newer style gate is taller so the roof is up higher than the surrounding walls.

Older Style Koraimon

Nagoya13.jpg Nagoya14.jpg

Newer Style Koraimon

Edo13.jpg Edo76.jpg Matsumoto10.jpg Himeji29.jpg


Munamon (棟門€)

Munamon is a gate with two main pillars covered by a roof. It is similar to the koraimon, but lacks the extra support pillars in the rear making it relatively unstable. It is often wedged in between stone or earthen walls to gain extra support.

Himeji28.jpg File:Bitchu11.jpg


Tonashimon (戸無し門)

As the name implies, tonashimon is literally a gate with no doors. The only extant gate of this type that I know of is at Iyo Matsuyama Castle. It is basically a koriamon gate with no doors. It is said that this gate was built here atop a long slope at the front of a hairpin curve to trick attackers into thinking it would be an easy way into the castle. Once they pass through the gate and around the curve they are actually met with a large heavily fortified gate.

Matsuyama9.jpg


Kabukimon (冠木門)

This is a gate with only the two front vertical pillars and the one horizontal cross beam. It has doors but no roof. This gate is a formality only and has little or no defensive value.

Ikeda3.jpg Nanbata6.jpg Kakegawa4.jpg


Heijuumon (塀重門)

A heijuumon gate takes the kabukimon a step further and eliminates the cross beam between the two front pillars.

Nijo16.jpg


Nagayamon (長屋門)

This is where a gate is passed through a section of a long warehouse. Rooms were easily built on either side of the gate and it was often used as a guardhouse around samurai homes.

Yonago18.jpg Nijo15.jpg Iwamura7.jpg


Karamon (唐門)

An ornate gate with a karahafu style roof. A karahafu is a gable chracterized by the rounded ridge in the center. There are several surviving karamon that were moved from castles to temples, but the only one that I know of that is at a castle is the famous gate from Nijo Castle.

Nijo2.jpg Nijo3.jpg File:Ichijodani3.jpg


Uzumimon (埋門€)

Uzumimon literally means buried gate. There are two types of uzumimon. In one type, a hole is literally cut through the middle of a completed stone wall. In the second type, when the stone walls are constructed a narrow gap is left for a gate. Then the defensive wall atop the stone wall foundation is run across the gate evenly with the rest. An uzumimon was often used as an emergency exit or as a rear entrance to the castle.

Nagoya15.jpg Odawara15.jpg Himeji14.jpg Matsushiro12.jpg


Masugata

A masugata is a compound gate made up of 2 gates, most commonly a koraimon on the outside and a yaguramon on the inside. The 2 gates are placed at right angles and joined by walls to create a square enclosure. Any enemy who attempts to enter the castle will be trapped in the box while it tries to breach the strong inner gate. The trapped enemy is then vulnerable to attack from the defenders inside the castle, and lining the walls above.

Edo84.jpg Matsumoto10.jpg Kofu14.jpg Sunpu5.jpg

__NOGLOSSARY__

Castles with Gates
  1. Aizu Wakamatsu Castle
  2. Akasaka Jin'ya
  3. Akashi Castle
  4. Akechi Castle
  5. Akechi Jin'ya
  6. Akita Castle
  7. Akizuki Castle
  8. Ako Castle
  9. Amaga Castle
  10. Annaka Castle
  11. Aoyagi Castle
  12. Asakura Yakata
  13. Ashikagashi Yakata
  14. Ashinoya Jin'ya
  15. Asuke Castle
  16. Azai Nishi Castle
  17. Baba Yashiki
  18. Baba Yashiki (Kai)
  19. Bitchu Matsuyama Castle
  20. Chinen Castle
  21. Damine Castle
  22. Echizen Katsuyama Castle
  23. Echizen Ohno Castle
  24. Edo Castle
  25. Ema Yakata
  26. Fuchu Castle (Hitachi)
  27. Fukouzu Castle
  28. Fukuchiyama Castle
  29. Fukui Castle
  30. Fukuyama Castle
  31. Funai Castle
  32. Funaoka Castle
  33. Fushimi Castle
  34. Goi Castle (Mikawa)
  35. Gujo Hachiman Castle
  36. Ha Castle
  37. Hachigata Castle
  38. Hachinohe Castle
  39. Hagi Castle
  40. Hamada Castle
  41. Hamada Castle (Ise)
  42. Hamamatsu Castle
  43. Hanamaki Castle
  44. Hatta Yashiki
  45. Hekirichi Jinya
  46. Hikone Castle
  47. Himeji Castle
  48. Hirado Castle
  49. Hiraizumi Date
  50. Hirosaki Castle
  51. Hiroshima Castle
  52. Hitoyoshi Castle
  53. Honshouji Castle
  54. Hoshina Yakata
  55. Hotta no Saku
  56. Hyogo Castle
  57. Ibaraki Castle
  58. Ichijodani Castle
  59. Ichikawa Jin'ya
  60. Ide Yakata
  61. Iga Ueno Castle
  62. Iida Castle
  63. Iiyama Castle
  64. Iji Castle
  65. Ijiri Yashiki
  66. Ikeda Castle
  67. Imabari Castle
  68. Inatsuke Castle
  69. Innoshima Suigun Castle
  70. Inuyama Castle
  71. Isawa Jin'ya
  72. Isshiki Castle (Chita)
  73. Isshindenjinai Moated Settlement
  74. Itoi Jin'ya
  75. Iwaki Taira Castle
  76. Iwakuni Castle
  77. Iwamura Castle
  78. Iwatsuki Castle
  79. Iyo Matsuyama Castle
  80. Izu Nagahama Castle
  81. Izuki Jin'ya
  82. Izumi Jin'ya
  83. Izushi Castle
  84. Kagoshima Castle
  85. Kaibara Jin'ya
  86. Kajiya Castle
  87. Kakegawa Castle
  88. Kakizaki Castle
  89. Kamakata Jin'ya
  90. Kameda Castle
  91. Kaminoyama Castle
  92. Kamioka Castle
  93. Kanazawa Castle
  94. Kanbe Castle
  95. Kanzou Yashiki
  96. Kasama Castle
  97. Kashima Castle (Hizen)
  98. Kawajiri Castle
  99. Kawanarishima Jin'ya
  100. Kawanoe Castle
  101. Kawasaki no Saku
  102. Kinojo
  103. Kinowa Castle
  104. Kishiwada Castle
  105. Kitaaranami Fort
  106. Kitagata Jin'ya
  107. Kitamura Castle (Omi)
  108. Kitsuki Castle
  109. Kiyosu Castle
  110. Kochi Castle
  111. Kofu Castle
  112. Koga Castle
  113. Koiwatake Castle
  114. Komatsu Castle
  115. Komono Castle
  116. Komoro Castle
  117. Koromogawa Date
  118. Kozuka Jin'ya
  119. Kubota Castle
  120. Kumamoto Castle
  121. Kunou Castle
  122. Kuriyagawa no Saku
  123. Kuroda Daikansho
  124. Kushima Castle
  125. Kyara Palace
  126. Marugame Castle
  127. Matsuda Yakata
  128. Matsue Castle
  129. Matsumae Castle
  130. Matsumoto Castle
  131. Matsushiro Castle
  132. Mibu Castle
  133. Miharu Castle
  134. Mikage Jin'ya
  135. Mikazuki Jin'ya
  136. Minagawa Jin'ya (Totomi)
  137. Minakuchi Castle
  138. Minokubi Castle
  139. Minowa Castle
  140. Mito Castle
  141. Mizusawa Castle
  142. Momose Jin'ya
  143. Nabari Jinya
  144. Nagahama Castle
  145. Nagahara Castle
  146. Nagata Jin'ya
  147. Nagoya Castle
  148. Nakaizumi Jin'ya
  149. Nakamura Castle (Soma)
  150. Nakoso no Seki
  151. Nanao Castle (Iwami)
  152. Nanbata Castle
  153. Nanokaichi Jin'ya
  154. Narumi Castle
  155. Natsukawa Castle
  156. Ne Castle
  157. Nijo Castle
  158. Nikaidou Yakata
  159. Nishikawa Yashiki (Kai)
  160. Nishio Castle
  161. Nishiohhira Jin'ya
  162. Nobeoka Castle
  163. Nomura Jin'ya (Mino)
  164. Numazu Castle
  165. Obata Jin'ya
  166. Obi Castle
  167. Ochiai Yashiki
  168. Odawara Castle
  169. Ogaki Castle
  170. Oguchi Castle
  171. Oh'uchi Yakata
  172. Ohmine Castle
  173. Ohmizo Jin'ya
  174. Ohmori Daikansho
  175. Ohno Castle (Chita)
  176. Oka Castle
  177. Okayama Castle
  178. Okayama Jin'ya
  179. Okutono Jin'ya
  180. Omono Castle
  181. Osaka Castle
  182. Oshi Castle
  183. Ota Castle
  184. Otaki Castle
  185. Ozu Castle
  186. Saga Castle
  187. Sagaki Jin'ya
  188. Sakasai Castle
  189. Sannohe Castle
  190. Saraki Jin'ya
  191. Seiganji Castle
  192. Sekiyado Castle
  193. Shibata Castle
  194. Shichinohe Castle
  195. Shigehara Jin'ya
  196. Shimada Jin'ya
  197. Shimosaka Yakata
  198. Shirakawa Komine Castle
  199. Shiroishi Castle
  200. Shishido Jin'ya
  201. Shiwa Castle
  202. Shuri Castle
  203. Sonobe Castle
  204. Suibara Daikansho
  205. Sunpu Castle
  206. Suwa Ohhouri Yakata
  207. Suwahara Castle
  208. Suzaka Jin'ya
  209. Tahara Castle
  210. Takamatsu Castle
  211. Takamuro Yashiki
  212. Takane Castle
  213. Takasaki Castle
  214. Takashima Castle
  215. Takasu Castle (Mino)
  216. Takato Castle
  217. Takatsuki Castle
  218. Takayama Castle (Mino)
  219. Takeda Yakata (Ibaraki)
  220. Takenaka Jinya
  221. Tamaru Castle
  222. Tanabe Castle
  223. Tanabe Castle (Kii)
  224. Tanagura Castle
  225. Tanaka Castle
  226. Tatebayashi Castle
  227. Tatsuno Castle
  228. Tatsuoka Castle
  229. Todoroki Yashiki
  230. Tokushima Castle
  231. Tomioka Castle
  232. Torigoe Castle
  233. Tottori Castle
  234. Tousenboubettou Yashiki
  235. Toyama Castle
  236. Toyo Daikansho
  237. Toyoda Tachi
  238. Toyooka Jinya
  239. Tsu Castle
  240. Tsuchiura Castle
  241. Tsuruga Castle
  242. Tsurugaoka Castle
  243. Ueda Castle
  244. Ueno Yashiki
  245. Usuki Castle
  246. Uwajima Castle
  247. Wakayama Castle
  248. Yamaga Jin'ya
  249. Yamagata Castle
  250. Yamaguchi Castle
  251. Yamaguchi Yakata (Mino)
  252. Yamamoto Jin'ya
  253. Yamato Koriyama Castle
  254. Yatsushiro Yashiki
  255. Yazawa Jin'ya
  256. Yoita Jin'ya
  257. Yuzawa Castle
  258. Yuzuki Castle
  259. Zeze Castle
Loading map...



Retrieved from "http://jcastle.info/smw139/index.php?title=Gates&oldid=47364"
Monitored by WikiApiary
Powered by Semantic MediaWiki