Trenches: Difference between revisions

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|Japanese Name=空堀
|Japanese Name=空堀
|Property Type=Features
|Property Type=Features
|Description=Earlier castles were mostly mountaintop castles so they rarely had water filled moats. With the evolution of hilltop and flatland castles, water filled moats became more common. Water moats often connected with nearby wetlands, lakes, or the ocean to fill with water. During peaceful times, these waterways could also be used for commerce and transportation.
|Description=Trenches, empty moats, or dry moats cover a wide range of trench like fortifications around castles.  In flatland castles they are often similar in structure to water moats but without the water. Both water moats or dry trenches have their own unique advantages and disadvantages.  it can be harder for intruders to hide in a dry moat and no natural water sounds to disguise entry. The slick clay sides of many castles in the Kanto region were especially slippery and difficult to climb. 
 
Some terms related to trenches that you may see include:
 
* '''Horikiri''' (堀切): this is a deep trench cut across a mountain ridge to impede attackers from easily climbing the ridge.  You see a lot of these on the path to mountaintop castles and it's usually the first sign that you've entered a castle. Unless a signs there to point them out or you are used to seeing them you might not notice them but if you think about it, such a sudden steep dip in the ridge is unnatural.
* '''Yokobori''' (横堀): a horizontal trench across a  slope or mountain. It can also provide an easier route for defenders to cross a slope. 
* '''Tatebori''' (竪堀): a vertical trench running up and down a slope. It can be used to impede attackers from easily crossing a slope and can force them into a kill zone.
* '''Unejotatebori''' (畝状竪堀): several tatebori across one slope on a mountaintop castle
* '''Shojibori''' (障子堀): a wider trench with square depressions carved out. It forces attackers to either walk the narrow ridges and be easily fired upon or scale up and down the walls putting them in vulnerable positions and using energy.
* '''Unebori''' (畝堀): a trench with ridges across them. This is similar in design to the shojibori but instead of a "waffle" like design it is only a single row of dugout depressions.  
 


Even in later day flatland castles with other water moats, the inner moats were sometimes dry moats.  Dry moats are actually a stronger defense than water moats.  With water moats, an attacker could hide in the water, swim across and even jump into the moat if pursued.





Revision as of 00:25, 29 October 2017

Trenches / 空堀

This is a subtype of Features

Trenches, empty moats, or dry moats cover a wide range of trench like fortifications around castles. In flatland castles they are often similar in structure to water moats but without the water. Both water moats or dry trenches have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. it can be harder for intruders to hide in a dry moat and no natural water sounds to disguise entry. The slick clay sides of many castles in the Kanto region were especially slippery and difficult to climb.

Some terms related to trenches that you may see include:

  • Horikiri (堀切): this is a deep trench cut across a mountain ridge to impede attackers from easily climbing the ridge. You see a lot of these on the path to mountaintop castles and it's usually the first sign that you've entered a castle. Unless a signs there to point them out or you are used to seeing them you might not notice them but if you think about it, such a sudden steep dip in the ridge is unnatural.
  • Yokobori (横堀): a horizontal trench across a slope or mountain. It can also provide an easier route for defenders to cross a slope.
  • Tatebori (竪堀): a vertical trench running up and down a slope. It can be used to impede attackers from easily crossing a slope and can force them into a kill zone.
  • Unejotatebori (畝状竪堀): several tatebori across one slope on a mountaintop castle
  • Shojibori (障子堀): a wider trench with square depressions carved out. It forces attackers to either walk the narrow ridges and be easily fired upon or scale up and down the walls putting them in vulnerable positions and using energy.
  • Unebori (畝堀): a trench with ridges across them. This is similar in design to the shojibori but instead of a "waffle" like design it is only a single row of dugout depressions.



Dry Moats
<a href="/photos/view/347-Nagoya-Castle"><img src="http://media.jcastle.info/images/nagoya/nagoya11-h.jpg" /></a> Nagoya Castle <a href="/photos/view/"><img src="http://media.jcastle.info/images/nagoya/nagoya16-h.jpg" /></a>Nagoya Castle <a href="/photos/view/106-Sakura-Castle"><img src="http://media.jcastle.info/images/sakura/sakura2-h.jpg" /></a>Sakura Castle <a href="/photos/view/789-Mito-Castle"><img src="http://media.jcastle.info/images/mito/mito1-h.jpg" /></a>Mito Castle
Castles with Trenches
  1. Aiki Castle (Minochi)
  2. Akagi Kita Castle
  3. Akagi Minami Castle
  4. Akaiwa Castle
  5. Akasu Castle (Ina)
  6. Akatsuka Castle
  7. Akayama Jin'ya
  8. Akechi Castle
  9. Akechi Osayama Castle
  10. Akiba Fort (Azumi)
  11. Akiyoshi Fort
  12. Akizuki Castle
  13. Akutagawasan Castle
  14. Amabiki Castle
  15. Amagata Castle
  16. Amanari Castle
  17. Ametoya Castle
  18. Amidagamine Castle (Yamashiro)
  19. Ansho Castle
  20. Aoiyama Castle
  21. Aoki Castle (Azumi)
  22. Aoyagi Castle
  23. Aoyama Castle
  24. Aoyama Castle (Nagato)
  25. Aoyama Castle (Omi)
  26. Ara Castle (Ina)
  27. Ara Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  28. Aragaito Fort
  29. Araihara Castle
  30. Arashi Castle
  31. Aratoshou Castle
  32. Arikoyama Castle
  33. Aruga Castle
  34. Asaba Castle
  35. Asahi Castle (Chikuma)
  36. Asahi Castle (Owari)
  37. Asahi Moated Settlement
  38. Asahiyama Castle
  39. Asahiyama Castle (Kai)
  40. Asaka Castle (Chikuma)
  41. Asakura Yakata
  42. Ashigara Castle
  43. Ashikaga Masauji Yakata
  44. Ashinoya Jin'ya
  45. Asonuma Castle
  46. Asuke Castle
  47. Awaji Castle (Chikuma)
  48. Awaya Yakata
  49. Awazawa Castle (Suwa)
  50. Ayukawa Castle (Koka)
  51. Azuchi Castle
  52. Baba Yashiki
  53. Banba Castle
  54. Binmanji Castle
  55. Bitchu Matsuyama Castle
  56. Bitchu Takamatsu Castle
  57. Bodaiyama Castle
  58. Bue Yakata (Totomi)
  59. Chausudate
  60. Chausuyama Castle (Nukata)
  61. Chausuyama Castle (Shinano)
  62. Chausuyama Fort
  63. Chigasaki Castle
  64. Chihaya Castle
  65. Chikaoka Castle
  66. Chikatou Fort
  67. Chikusa Castle
  68. Chouja Yashiki (Totomi)
  69. Choujayama Castle
  70. Choujayashiki Yakata
  71. Daikan Yashiki
  72. Daikan'yashiki Castle
  73. Dainenji Yakata
  74. Daita Castle
  75. Damine Castle
  76. Deura Castle
  77. Dodo Fort
  78. Dogiyama Fort
  79. Dokyou Castle
  80. Dota Castle (Mino)
  81. Dousawa Fort
  82. Eboshigata Castle
  83. Echizen Ohno Castle
  84. Egawa Fort
  85. Ema Yakata
  86. Enryakuji Higashitani Fort
  87. Enryakuji Kitatani Fort
  88. Enryakuji Nishitani Fort
  89. Fubukikaito Castle (Ina)
  90. Fuchu Castle (Hitachi)
  91. Fujihashi Castle (Tokyo)
  92. Fujita Castle
  93. Fukakusa Yakata
  94. Fukayama Castle (Suruga)
  95. Fukazawa Castle
  96. Fukigabora Castle
  97. Fukui Castle (Shinano)
  98. Fukuju Fort (Odani Castle)
  99. Fukushima Castle (Kiso)
  100. Fukuyo Castle
  101. Fumimichi Castle
  102. Funagatayama Castle
  103. Funaoka Castle
  104. Funaokayama Castle
  105. Funayama Castle
  106. Furujiro Fort
  107. Furujouyama Castle (Hanishina)
  108. Furumiya Castle
  109. Furumiya Castle (Kai)
  110. Furuwatari Castle
  111. Fusumada Castle
  112. Futamata Castle
  113. Futatsugi Castle (Azumi)
  114. Futoge Castle
  115. Futoh'yama Castle
  116. Futsukamachi Castle
  117. Ganjaku Castle
  118. Ganryakuji Castle
  119. Gassan Toda Castle
  120. Genbao Castle
  121. Gentairi Castle
  122. Gifu Castle
  123. Gion Castle
  124. Gobara Castle
  125. Goi Castle (Mikawa)
  126. Gokan Castle
  127. Gongen Yakata
  128. Gongen'yama Castle (Mino)
  129. Goryu Castle
  130. Gouda Fort
  131. Goudo Castle
  132. Haba Castle
  133. Habauehori Yashiki
  134. Habu Castle
  135. Hachigata Castle
  136. Hachikenchōja Castle
  137. Hachiman'yama Castle (Tanba)
  138. Hachimanpara Jinsho
  139. Hachioji Castle
  140. Hadanashi Castle
  141. Hadanashiyama Castle
  142. Hagi Castle
  143. Hagikura Fort
  144. Hagiwarasuwa Castle
  145. Haguro Castle (Owari)
  146. Haibara Castle
  147. Hajoudoko Castle
  148. Hakii Yakata
  149. Hakota Castle (Kozuke)
  150. Hakoyama Castle (Takai)
  151. Hakusan Castle
  152. Hakusan Castle (Harima)
  153. Hamada Castle
  154. Hamagawa Castle
  155. Hanagoya Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  156. Hanamaki Castle
  157. Hanaoka Castle (Azumi)
  158. Hanaoka Castle (Saku)
  159. Hanasaki Castle (Tsuru)
  160. Hanawa Castle
  161. Hanazono Castle
  162. Hanazono Mitake Castle
  163. Haneo Castle
  164. Hannyaji Castle
  165. Harano Castle (Suwa)
  166. Haranomoto Castle
  167. Haruyamako Castle
  168. Haruyamaoh Castle
  169. Hasedo Castle
  170. Hatada Castle (Omi)
  171. Hatakenaka Yakata
  172. Hatayama Castle
  173. Hatsuzawa Castle
  174. Hattori Castle (Koka)
  175. Hayaotoshi Castle
  176. Hayashikojo Castle
  177. Hayashiohjo Castle
  178. Hekirichi Jinya
  179. Hekitani Castle
  180. Hida Castle (Omi)
  181. Higashi Goma Castle
  182. Higashi Maruoka Castle (Koka)
  183. Higashi Sakabe Castle
  184. Higashijou Castle (Chikuma)
  185. Hijika Castle
  186. Hijiyama Castle (Iga)
  187. Hikaru Castle
  188. Hiki Castle
  189. Hikida Castle
  190. Hikobe Yashiki
  191. Hikone Castle
  192. Hime Castle (Chikuma)
  193. Hime Castle (Hanishina)
  194. Hinode Castle
  195. Hinohara Castle
  196. Hirai Castle
  197. Hirai Kanayama Castle
  198. Hiraide Moated Settlement
  199. Hiraizumi Date
  200. Hirakura Castle
  201. Hirao Castle (Ise)
  202. Hirase Castle
  203. Hirase Kitano Castle
  204. Hirose Castle (Hida)
  205. Hisawa Castle
  206. Hishakuyama Castle
  207. Hitomoshi Castle (Saku)
  208. Hiyama Castle
  209. Hobonishi Castle
  210. Hojo Clan Residence
  211. Honjin'yama Castle (Mino)
  212. Horigane Yakata
  213. Horikoshi Castle
  214. Hoshina Maenoyama Fort
  215. Hoshiyamako Castle
  216. Hosogaya Yakata
  217. Hosokawashiroyama Castle
  218. Hourinji Castle
  219. Houzouji Yakata
  220. Hyakusaiji Castle
  221. Ibarayama Castle
  222. Ibayama Castle
  223. Ibi Castle
  224. Ibuka Castle
  225. Ichiba Castle (Ise)
  226. Ichijodani Castle
  227. Ichijodani Kojo Castle
  228. Ichijodaniyama Castle
  229. Ichinomiya Castle
  230. Iden Castle
  231. Iden Miyanokoshi Castle
  232. Igawa Castle
  233. Iida Castle
  234. Iida Castle (Azumi)
  235. Iida Castle (Totomi)
  236. Iida Fort
  237. Iidako Castle (Totomi)
  238. Iimori Castle
  239. Iimori Castle (Azumi)
  240. Iimoriyama Castle (Asuke)
  241. Iinawa Castle
  242. Iizuna Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  243. Ijiri Yashiki
  244. Ikarashi Yakata
  245. Ikeda Castle (Mino)
  246. Ikenoshiri Yakata
  247. Ikoyama Castle
  248. Ima Castle (Mino)
  249. Imai Castle
  250. Imai Fort
  251. Imaichikami Fort
  252. Imori Castle (Suwa)
  253. Imoto Castle (Omi)
  254. Ina Yashiki
  255. Inamura Castle (Ina)
  256. Inamurafuru Castle
  257. Inokuchi Castle
  258. Inokura Castle
  259. Inoue Castle
  260. Inoue Yakata
  261. Inoue Yakata (Shiga)
  262. Inuinofuru Castle
  263. Inukai Castle
  264. Inuyama Castle
  265. Ioto Castle
  266. Iouji Fort
  267. Isezaki Castle (Sanada)
  268. Ishibashi Castle
  269. Ishibayama Castle (Omi)
  270. Ishida Castle (Mikawa)
  271. Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle
  272. Ishigami Castle
  273. Ishikawa Jouzan Yashiki
  274. Ishimura Castle
  275. Isobe Castle
  276. Isshiki Castle (Omi)
  277. Isshiki Castle (Suruga)
  278. Itazuke Moated Settlement
  279. Itousakaue Fort
  280. Iwabitsu Castle
  281. Iwabuchi Castle (Aida)
  282. Iwadono Castle
  283. Iwahara Castle (Azumi)
  284. Iwaki Taira Castle
  285. Iwakiri Castle
  286. Iwakura Castle (Mikawa)
  287. Iwakura Castle (Owari)
  288. Iwakura Yakata (Mikawa)
  289. Iwakuratouge Castle (Mikawa)
  290. Iwamura Castle
  291. Iwasaki Castle (Hanishina)
  292. Iwasaki Castle (Mutsu)
  293. Iwasakiyama Fort
  294. Iwaya Castle
  295. Iwazu Castle
  296. Iwazushin Castle
  297. Izaki Castle
  298. Izu Nagahama Castle
  299. Izumigashira Castle
  300. Jikouin Fort
  301. Jikouin Yakata
  302. Jindaiji Castle
  303. Jizen Castle (Koka)
  304. Jofukuji Castle
  305. Jouhikage Fort
  306. Joujou Castle
  307. Joumura Castle (Ina)
  308. Joumurafuru Castle
  309. Jounoue Fort
  310. Kaesa Castle
  311. Kagamiyama Fort
  312. Kagohana Fort
  313. Kakebora Castle
  314. Kakegawako Castle
  315. Kakiage Castle (Chikuma)
  316. Kakutsugawa Castle
  317. Kamaenohaka Yakata
  318. Kamagatake Castle
  319. Kamaha Castle
  320. Kamei Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  321. Kameyama Castle
  322. Kameyama Castle (Azumi)
  323. Kameyama Castle (Mikawa)
  324. Kami Castle (Suwa)
  325. Kamigishimoto Castle (Omi)
  326. Kamimakifuru Castle
  327. Kaminogou Castle
  328. Kamioka Castle
  329. Kamogatake Castle
  330. Kanaiyama Castle
  331. Kanao Yogaisan Castle
  332. Kanayama Castle
  333. Kanayama Castle (Echigo)
  334. Kanazawa Castle
  335. Kanbara Castle
  336. Kanbayashi Castle
  337. Kanegasaki Castle (Iwate)
  338. Kanemaru Yakata
  339. Kaneyama Castle (Mino)
  340. Kanmuriyama Castle (Bitchu)
  341. Kannonji Castle
  342. Kannosan Castle
  343. Karakai Castle
  344. Karasaki Castle
  345. Karasawayama Castle
  346. Karasuyama Castle
  347. Karatoriya Castle
  348. Karidako Castle
  349. Karidaoh Castle
  350. Kariya Castle
  351. Kariyahara Castle
  352. Kasama Castle
  353. Kasane Castle
  354. Kaseyama Castle
  355. Kashiwadaniyama Fort
  356. Kashiwara Castle
  357. Kashiwayama Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  358. Kasuga Castle (Ina)
  359. Kasugayama Castle
  360. Kasumi Castle
  361. Kasumiga Castle (Suwa)
  362. Katsumata Castle
  363. Katsunuma Castle
  364. Katsunumashi Yakata
  365. Katsurao Castle (Hanishina)
  366. Katsurayama Castle
  367. Katsuyama Castle (Echigo)
  368. Katsuyama Castle (Nagato)
  369. Katsuyama Castle (Tsuru)
  370. Katsuyama Castle (Yatsushiro)
  371. Kawahara Castle
  372. Kawajiri Castle
  373. Kawamura Castle
  374. Kazurayama Castle
  375. Keirozan Castle
  376. Kemurino Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  377. Kibune Castle
  378. Kibyu Castle
  379. Kido Castle (Mikawa)
  380. Kikkawa Motoharu Yakata
  381. Kinebuchi Yakata
  382. Kinzan Castle
  383. Kirarazaka Castle
  384. Kirihara Castle
  385. Kiriyama Castle
  386. Kita Kumai Castle
  387. Kita Majino Castle
  388. Kita Wakamiko Castle
  389. Kitaaranami Fort
  390. Kitabatakeshi Yakata
  391. Kitabodaiji Castle (Omi)
  392. Kitano Castle (Ina)
  393. Kitanosho Castle (Omi)
  394. Kitasudayama Castle (Omi)
  395. Kitatsumeno Fort
  396. Kitsune Castle (Azumi)
  397. Kiyomizu Castle (Ina)
  398. Kiyosaki Castle (Echigo)
  399. Kizu Castle
  400. Kobinata Oh'yashiki
  401. Koga Castle
  402. Kogamine Castle (Kyoto)
  403. Kogane Castle
  404. Kogane Castle (Mikawa)
  405. Kohyama Castle
  406. Koibuchi Castle
  407. Koide Castle (Ina)
  408. Koide Yakata (Tanba)
  409. Koike Fort
  410. Koiwatake Castle
  411. Kojima Castle (Hida)
  412. Kokokuji Castle
  413. Kokururi Castle
  414. Kokuryou Castle (Tanba)
  415. Kokuzousan Castle (Aida)
  416. Kokuzousan Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  417. Kokuzousanminami Fort (Aida)
  418. Kokuzousannanseioneno Castle (Aida)
  419. Kokuzousannishi Fort (Aida)
  420. Komaki Castle
  421. Komaki Castle (Chiisagata)
  422. Komakijou Ohte Fort
  423. Komakikamino Castle (Chiisagata)
  424. Komasawa Castle
  425. Komatsu Castle (Sagami)
  426. Komihanachi Castle
  427. Komori Yakata (Sarashina)
  428. Komoro Castle
  429. Kongouji Castle (Murakami Clan Fort Network)
  430. Konishi Castle (Ina)
  431. Konosumiyama Castle
  432. Koori Nishiyama Castle
  433. Koraku Castle
  434. Korin Castle (Ina)
  435. Koriyama Castle (Hiroshima)
  436. Koromogawa Date
  437. Koshibami Castle
  438. Koshigoe Castle
  439. Kosobu Yakata
  440. Kosodeonzakijinja Castle
  441. Kosuge Castle
  442. Koujin'o Castle
  443. Koumyo Castle
  444. Kounomine Castle
  445. Kouyama Castle (Bingo)
  446. Koya Castle
  447. Koya Castle (Chikuma)
  448. Koyama Castle
  449. Koyama Castle (Kai)
  450. Kozubeta Castle
  451. Kozukue Castle
  452. Kozutsumi Castle
  453. Kubo Castle (Mikawa)
  454. Kubodera Castle
  455. Kubota Castle
  456. Kubota Castle (Nukata)
  457. Kuboyashikishi Castle (Koka)
  458. Kukuri Castle
  459. Kuma Castle
  460. Kumagawa Castle
  461. Kumamoto Castle
  462. Kuno Castle
  463. Kunohe Castle
  464. Kurahone Castle
  465. Kurata Castle (Ina)
  466. Kurita Castle
  467. Kurobane Castle
  468. Kuroi Castle
  469. Kurokawashi Castle (Koka)
  470. Kurono Castle
  471. Kuruma Castle
  472. Kuruma Castle (Hanishina)
  473. Kurumayama Castle (Hanishina)
  474. Kururi Castle
  475. Kushiki Castle (Chikuma)
  476. Kutsukake Castle
  477. Kuwabara Castle
  478. Kuwagatahara Noroshidai
  479. Kuwai Castle (Mikawa)
  480. Kyara Palace
  481. Kyouraishiminbu Yakata
  482. Machimura Fort
  483. Maeda Battery
  484. Majino Castle (Kai)
  485. Makabe Castle
  486. Mamabe Castle
  487. Mamushizuka Castle
  488. Manago Castle
  489. Mariko Castle
  490. Marikoyama Fort
  491. Marune Castle
  492. Maruoka Castle (Koka)
  493. Maruyama Castle (Ina)
  494. Maruyama Douen Castle
  495. Maruyama Fort (Kai)
  496. Maruyama Noutou Castle
  497. Masugata Castle (Minochi)
  498. Masugata Castle (Musashi)
  499. Masugata Castle (Suwa)
  500. Masugata Castle (Takai)
... further results
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